Hip dysplasia occurs when the hip socket is too shallow to fully support the ball of the hip. The hip joint is then forced to support weight over a smaller surface which causes the cartilage to break down. This can cause pain, limping, as well as an unstable feeling. Hip dysplasia is usually diagnosed in childhood, but if left untreated it can make the joint more susceptible to osteoarthritis and go on to cause a labral tear . 

If there is enough cartilage remaining between the ball and socket, realignment surgery is often recommended as a way to limit further damage to the joint. The ball and socket are both reshaped to restore movement and range of motion. Without enough cartilage left for the joint to function smoothly, total hip replacement is usually recommended as a way to restore mobility and relieve pain. As hip dysplasia is a progressive condition, early diagnosis is crucial to limiting the amount of surgical intervention required.

General recovery times

Although most cases of hip dysplasia are diagnosed earlier, sometimes the symptoms can be very mild and the condition goes undetected until adulthood. When there is no sign of arthritis, realignment surgery (periacetabular osteotomy) is often recommended, and as it is a significant procedure you are likely to be in hospital for up to 5 days. There will be some pain and numbness after the operation, this is completely normal and can be managed with medication. 

Gentle physiotherapy begins immediately after surgery but once you return home, no formal physio treatment will be needed for the initial eight weeks. The focus is firmly on increasing the weight bearing load and working towards crutch-free walking. After eight weeks, you will be encouraged to bear your full weight and should be walking independently after three months. Any screws used in surgery are often removed after six months at which time a full recovery is expected. 

Preparation

Before undergoing hip dysplasia surgery, you will undergo a series of tests such as X-rays or MRIs, to assess the severity of the dysplasia and the anatomical structure of the hip joint. Your surgeon may request specialised tests to evaluate the vascular supply to the hip region. You may be advised to participate in pre-operative physiotherapy sessions to optimise hip muscle strength and flexibility, which can aid in post-operative recovery. You may also be instructed to stop or adjust medications, especially those that can affect bone health or increase bleeding risk. Dietary restrictions, such as fasting, are usually required the night before the surgery. 

Familiarising yourself with your treatment program and understanding the recovery process are important steps to take on the pathway to surgery.

• Patient Journey - Hip Surgery